Arousal Theory suggests that people are motivated to maintain an optimal level of internal arousal—neither too low nor too high. Too little arousal leads to boredom and disengagement; too much arousal creates stress and anxiety. Motivation arises from the desire to return to the ideal zone where performance and focus peak. This explains why some individuals seek thrill, challenge, or novelty (high-arousal seekers), while others prefer calm, stable environments (low-arousal seekers). The theory also aligns with the Yerkes–Dodson Law, which states that moderate arousal produces the best performance. In workplaces and classrooms, designing tasks that are stimulating but not overwhelming helps individuals stay engaged and motivated.
